Antibodies to Human Macrophages

Introduction: Blood monocytes are young cells that already possess migratory, chemotactic, pinocytic and phagocytic activities, as well as receptors for IgG Fc-domains (FcR) and iC3b complement. Under migration into tissues, monocytes undergo further differentiation to become multifunctional tissue macrophages.

For many research projects it is important to differentiate cells of the monocyte / macrophage lineage. Acris Antibodies offers a panel of antibodies to marker molecules which will enable the researcher to localize different subpopulations of macrophages in tissues and body fluids of human origin. Some key products are discussed below.

AIF-1

Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 is a Ca2+-binding peptide produced by activated macrophages and microglial cells. AIF-1, like the peptides MRP8 and MRP14, is expressed by activated macrophages and might participate in a variety of pathogenic processes in the mammalian brain and in chronic transplant rejection.

CD163

CD163 is a membrane glycoprotein on human monocytes and macrophages which is expressed in the intermediate and late phase of inflammation. The antigen is a member of the scavenger receptor family. (For antibodies to CD163 see also “Focuson” No. 10: CD163: Marker for intermediate and late stage Inflammatory Macrophages.)

Clone YTH 8.18

is reactive with all tissue macrophages, binding to a cytoplasmic epitope. In peripheral blood the antibody stains all granulocytes and around 50% of monocytes. No staining of osteoclasts or Langerhans’ cells is seen.

Clone MAC387

recognises the L1 or Calprotectin molecule, an intracytoplasmic antigen comprised of a 12 kD alpha chain and a 14 kD beta chain. The antigen is expressed by granulocytes, monocytes and by tissue macrophages. Variable results have been reported for staining brain macrophages and microglia.

Clone RFD7

recognises an antigen which is predominantly expressed cytoplasmically in mature tissue phagocytes. RFD7 is co-expressed with RFD1 on suppressive macrophages. RFD7 does not react with circulating monocytes or any cells within the granulocyte series.

Clones PM-2K, X-4 and X-14

form a particular group of macrophage specific antibodies which were classified at the V Leukocyte Typing Workshop held in Boston in 1993. PM-2K recognises tissue macrophages and macrophages in proliferative disorders of macrophages. PM-2K is one of the markers that, being negative on dendritic cells, can differentiate between macrophages and dendritic cells.

Antibody Tools for detections of NPY Receptors Type 1 – 6 and Y2

Acris Antibodies offers an antibody panel to all six NPY receptors. These antibodies are useful for the detection of Neuropeptide Y Receptors by Western blotting; some of them can be used in immunohistochemical methods.

Fig.1: Staining of human tonsil using anti CXCR3 antibody SP4005P showing Dendritic Cells, Macrophages and Lymphocytes.

Fig.2: Cell reactivity pattern of some monocyte/macrophage antibodies.

Available Antibody Panel to Human Macrophage Markers

AIF-1 antibody, CD163 antibody, antibody to mature macrophages, late stage inflammatory macrophages and macrophages + neutrophils / histiocytes

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