Antibodies Rhodopsin and Rhodopsin Kinases

Introduction

Vision involves the conversion of light into electrochemical signals that are processed by the retina and subsequently sent to and interpreted by the brain. The process of converting light to an electrochemical signal begins when the membrane-bound protein, rhodopsin, absorbs light within the retina.

Photoexcitation of rhodopsin causes the cytoplasmic surface of the protein to become catalytically active. In the active state, rhodopsin activates transducin, a GTP binding protein. Once activated, transducin promotes the hydrolysis of cGMP by phosphodiesterase (PDE). The decrease of intracellular cGMP concentrations causes the ion channels within the outer segment of the rod or cone to close, thus causing membrane hyperpolarization and, eventually, signal transmission. Rhodopsin kinase, also known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1), is a component of the light adaptation pathway expressed in rods and cones. GRK1 plays a key role in the regulation of this cascade: Following phosphorylation by Rodopsin kinase, the soluble Arrestin is recruited to phosphor-rhodopsin quenching its phototransductive activity by preventing further interaction with transducin. By breaking the cycle of phototransduction, the Rhodopsin kinase is an important element in the restoration of the system for subsequent visual events.

Antibody Panel to Rhodopsin and Rhodopsin Kinases

Acris Antibodies offers a range of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to Rhodopsin and the Rhodopsin Kinases 1a and 1a/b. The antibodies can be used for different applications such as Immuno¬histochemistry on paraffin embedded sections , Immunocytochemistry, Immuno¬fluorescence , Immunoprecipitation and Western blot.

Fig. 1: Immunohistochemical staining of human retina using anti-Rhodopsin antibody SP4492P

Fig. 2: Immunolocalization of Rhodopsin Kinase 1a (GRK1a) in bovine retina using antibody SM5037P

Antibody Panel to Rhodopsin and Rhodopsin Kinases

Rhodopsin and Rhodopsin Kinases (1a and 1a/b) antibody.

Literature

Singh P, Wang B, Maeda T, Palczewski K, Tesmer JJ. Structures of rhodopsin kinase in different ligand states reveal key elements involved in G protein-coupled receptor kinase activation. J Biol Chem. 2008 Mar 13 [Epub ahead of print]

Young JE, Kasperek EM, Vogt TM, Lis A, Khani SC. Conserved interactions of a compact highly active enhancer/promoter upstream of the rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) gene. Genomics. 2007 Aug;90(2):236-48.

Zhao X, Huang J, Khani SC, Palczewski K. Molecular forms of human rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb.27, 273(9): 5124-31.

Stenkamp RE, Teller DC, Palczewski K. Rhodopsin: a structure primer for G-protein coupled receptors Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2005 Jun; 338(5-6):209-16.

Kim YH, Kim YS, Noh HS, Kang SS, Cheon EW, Park SK, Lee BJ, Choi WS, Cho GJ. Changes in rhodopsin kinase and transducin in the rat retina in early-stage diabetes. ExpEye Res. 2005 Jun; 80(6): 753-60.

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