14-3-3 protein theta antibody

Background of 14-3-3 protein theta antibody

At least seven isoforms comprise the highly conserved 14-3-3 family of homo-and heterodimeric proteins that are abundantly expressed in all eukaryotic cells. These multifunctional proteins bind and modulate the function of a wide array of cellular proteins. They exist mainly as dimers with a monomeric molecular mass of approximately 30 kDa and have an acidic isoelectric point of 4.5-5. Although more than seven isoforms of 14-3-3 have been described, some redundancies have appeared upon sequencing. The 14-3-3s are thought to be key regulators of signal transduction events mediated through their binding to serine-phosphorylated proteins. By interacting with Cdc25C, 14-3-3 regulates entry into the cell cycle and through interaction with bad, prevents apoptosis.3 14-3-3 plays a dual role in Raf-1 activation. It helps to keep Raf-1 in an inactive state by binding to phophoserine-259 and the cysteine-rich domain (DRD). Interactions of 14-3-3 at the phosphoserine-621 may be required for Raf-1 activation and may function as an essential cofactor for Raf-1 kinase activity.3 Other proteins that have been shown to bind 14-3-3s include members of the protein kinase C family, Cbl, IRS-1, middle-T antigen, KSR, IGF-1 receptor, etc.3 Detection of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid has been shown to be quite useful in the differential diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other prion diseases. The theta or tau isoform was initially isolated from T cells.1 It