Bovine Corona Virus antibody

Background of Bovine Corona Virus antibody

Bovine Corona Virus Spike glycoprotein is cleaved into S1 and S2 Spike proteins. The precursor is processed into S1 and S2 by host cell furin or furin-like protease to yield the mature S1 and S2 proteins. The cleavage site between S1 and S2 requires the optimal sequence [KR]-X-[KR]-R.

S1 attaches the virion to the cell membrane by binding to 9-O-acetylated sialic acid containing proteins, initiating the infection.

S2 is a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.